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Adrenal cancer is an uncommon but serious form of cancer that begins in the adrenal glands — two small, hormone-producing organs located just above your kidneys. Because the adrenal glands help regulate vital processes like metabolism, blood pressure, stress response, and electrolyte balance, cancer in these glands can affect many aspects of your health. The board-certified urologists at Urology Associates have the experience to diagnose and treat adrenal cancer.
Your adrenal glands are triangular-shaped organs that sit above each kidney. Each gland has two main parts:
Adrenal cortex: Makes steroid hormones such as cortisol and aldosterone.
Adrenal medulla: Produces adrenaline and noradrenaline, which help your body respond to stress.
These hormones influence blood pressure, metabolism, immune function, and how your body uses sugar and fat.
Adrenal cancer occurs when cells in the adrenal gland begin to grow uncontrollably, forming a malignant tumor. While the exact cause is often unknown, certain inherited syndromes can increase the risk, including conditions like Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome and multiple endocrine neoplasia.
This disease can affect individuals of any age, though it is rare and occurs more often in adults between ages 40 and 50.
In early stages, adrenal cancer may not cause noticeable symptoms. As tumors grow or secrete excess hormones, signs may include:
Sudden, unintentional weight changes
Abdominal or back pain
Muscle weakness
Changes in blood pressure or blood sugar
Excess hair growth or hormonal changes
Appetite loss
Fatigue or nausea
Because hormonal symptoms vary widely, patients are encouraged to seek evaluation even for subtle changes.
Your care team will use a combination of tests to accurately diagnose adrenal cancer:
Hormonal blood and urine tests to check hormone levels
Imaging studies such as CT scans or MRI for detailed views of the adrenal glands
Biopsy or surgical sampling when necessary to confirm cancerous cells
Early diagnosis helps tailor treatment plans and improves the chances of successful care.
Treatment varies based on the stage of cancer, symptoms, and overall health. Common approaches include:
Surgery
Surgical removal of the tumor — often through adrenalectomy — is the most effective option when feasible and offers the best chance for a cure.
Medication & Additional Therapies
Depending on individual needs, treatment may also include:
Targeted drug therapy, including hormone-blocking medications
Chemotherapy or radiation therapy for advanced cases
Follow-up care to monitor hormone levels and recurrence risk
If you have further questions or are experiencing symptoms of a urologic condition, call us or schedule an appointment today.
843-884-8045